Home

Knowledge Base

30 curated references — textbooks, standards, papers used as basis for the engine.

textbook2013

Transformers and Inductors for Power Electronics: Theory, Design and Applications

W.G. Hurley, W.H. Wölfle
Wiley

Comprehensive treatment of magnetic component design for power electronics. Chapters cover Steinmetz / iGSE core loss, Dowell AC resistance, multi-objective optimization, planar transformers, and worked LLC / forward / f…

Source
textbook2018

Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook (5th Edition)

Colonel W.T. McLyman
CRC Press

Industry-standard handbook covering area-product (Ap) method, window utilization (Ku), regulation, EE/PQ/RM/Toroid sizing, and worked examples for buck, forward, push-pull, half/full-bridge, flyback. Supplies the canonic…

Source
textbook2020

Fundamentals of Power Electronics (3rd Edition)

Robert W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimović
Springer

Graduate-level text. Ch.13 PWM converter modeling, Ch.14 power converter dynamics, Ch.15 controller design, Ch.18 PFC. The canonical reference for converter-level analysis.

Source
textbook1988

Soft Ferrites: Properties and Applications (2nd Edition)

E.C. Snelling
Butterworth-Heinemann

Definitive reference on MnZn / NiZn ferrite physics: Curie temperature, disaccommodation, Snoek's limit, magnetostriction, and material property tables. Older but still cited heavily.

Source
textbook2006

Modern Ferrite Technology (2nd Edition)

Alex Goldman
Springer

Modern updates to ferrite materials science — manufacturing, domain-wall dynamics, EMI applications, microwave ferrites. Source for thermal/electrical defaults used in MagAI material templates.

Source
paper2002

Accurate Prediction of Ferrite Core Loss with Nonsinusoidal Waveforms Using Only Steinmetz Parameters

K. Venkatachalam, C.R. Sullivan, T. Abdallah et al.
IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics

Improved Generalized Steinmetz Equation (iGSE) for non-sinusoidal PWM waveforms. Eliminates the need for separate measurement of Pcv at each duty cycle; uses only standard Steinmetz coefficients.

Source
paper2008

Optimal Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding

C.R. Sullivan
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Closed-form analysis of optimal Litz strand count vs frequency. Provides the design table used in most modern LLC primary winding planners.

Source
paper1991

Fringing Field Formulas and Winding Loss Due to an Air Gap

W.A. Roshen
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Closed-form fringing-flux formulas for gapped EE/PQ/ETD cores. Includes proximity-loss penalty in winding adjacent to gap.

Source
paper1966

Effects of Eddy Currents in Transformer Windings

P.L. Dowell
Proceedings of the IEE

Original derivation of AC resistance factor for transformer windings as a function of layer count + skin depth ratio. The Dowell 1966 paper that all modern AC resistance models trace back to.

Source
paper2001

Calculation of Losses in Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Materials Based on the Modified Steinmetz Equation

J. Reinert, A. Brockmeyer, R.W. De Doncker
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

Modified Steinmetz Equation (MSE) for non-sinusoidal waveforms — earlier than iGSE, replaces frequency with effective frequency f_eff.

Source
paper1998

Optimized Transformer Design: Inclusive of High-Frequency Effects

W.G. Hurley, W.H. Wölfle, J.G. Breslin
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Multi-objective optimization framework for HF transformer design. Couples Pcv + Pcu + thermal model. Foundation for the area-product + thermal-coupled design loop.

Source
paper2017

Mag-Net: A Data-Driven Approach for Modeling Power Magnetic Material Characteristics

M. Mu, F.C. Lee, R. Burgos
IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition

Neural network surrogate for magnetic core loss prediction. Outperforms Steinmetz / iGSE on PWM waveforms with arbitrary duty cycle and DC bias.

Source
paper2009

Partial Discharges Phenomena in PWM-Fed Inverter Drives

T. Lebey, D. Malec, S. Dinculescu et al.
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

Investigates partial discharge inception (PDIV) under PWM voltage stress in motor and transformer windings. Introduces the now-standard PDIV vs dV/dt characterization.

Source
paper2013

High-Performance Common-Mode Choke for Three-Phase PWM Drives

B. Cougo, T. Friedli, D.O. Boillat et al.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

Nanocrystalline-core CM choke design for high-power-density industrial drives. Includes thermal coupling + leakage analysis.

Source
standard2014

IEC 62317-12 — Cores for inductive components: PQ cores

IEC TC51
IEC

Dimensional standard for PQ-shape ferrite cores. Defines Ae/Ve/le/Aw geometry and tolerances.

Source
standard2010

IEC 61246 — Cores for inductive components: EE cores

IEC TC51
IEC

Dimensional standard for EE-shape ferrite cores.

Source
standard2018

IEC 62368-1 — Audio/video, IT and communication technology equipment safety

IEC TC108
IEC

Hazard-based safety standard replacing IEC 60950. Covers transformer creepage, clearance, insulation system requirements.

Source
standard2017

IEC 61558-1 — Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units

IEC TC96
IEC

Mandatory safety standard for power transformers. Insulation, thermal class, dielectric strength tests.

Source
standard2010

AEC-Q200 — Stress test qualification for passive components

AEC
Automotive Electronics Council

Automotive qualification stress tests for passive components — thermal shock, vibration, humidity, ESD, life test.

Source
standard2009

IPC-2152 — Standard for Determining Current Carrying Capacity in Printed Board Design

IPC
IPC

Methodology for sizing PCB copper traces by temperature rise vs current. Replaces older IPC-2221 derating curves.

Source
appnote2023

TDK Ferrite Summary — Material Characteristics

TDK Corporation
TDK Product Center

Comprehensive material datasheet for TDK MnZn ferrite line: PC44/PC95/PC97/N87/N97/PC200 + Pcv vs (f, B, T) curves.

Source
appnote2024

Ferroxcube Soft Ferrites: Material Selection Guide

Ferroxcube (Yageo)
Ferroxcube

Vendor selection guide spanning 3C90/3C94/3C95/3F45/3F36 + power loss + permeability vs frequency curves.

Source
appnote2020

Magnetics Inc Powder Core Catalog

Magnetics Inc
Magnetics Inc

MPP / Kool-Mu / XFlux / High-Flux powder core series — DC bias rolloff, Pcv per material grade.

Source
appnote2023

Hitachi/Proterial Finemet FT-3M Datasheet

Hitachi/Proterial
Proterial

Nanocrystalline FT-3M: μi up to 35000, Bsat 1.23T, ultra-low loss for CM chokes.

Source
appnote2022

Vacuumschmelze Vitroperm 500F Nanocrystalline Cores

Vacuumschmelze
VAC

Vitroperm 500F datasheet — 60000 μi, 1.2T Bsat, MEGAHERTZ-range bandwidth.

Source
appnote2020

Infineon CoolGaN-LLC 3kW Evaluation Board (AN-2020-04)

Infineon Technologies
Infineon AppNote

3kW LLC half-bridge with CoolGaN HEMTs at 200kHz. Includes transformer T1 design walkthrough.

Source
appnote2022

TI TIDA-010014 — 600W LLC Half-Bridge Reference Design

Texas Instruments
TI Reference Design

600W LLC with UCC256301. ETD44 with 3C95 ferrite, full schematic + BOM + measurement data.

Source
course2020

Power Electronics Specialization (4-course series)

Robert W. Erickson
Coursera / University of Colorado Boulder

4-course series covering buck/boost, magnetics, control, applications. Free to audit; certificate paid. Strong magnetics module in Course 2.

Source
course2001

Magnetics for Switchmode Power Supplies — Lloyd Dixon Tutorial

Lloyd Dixon
TI Magnetics Design Handbook

Free industry-standard tutorial covering core selection, winding strategy, layer interleaving, leakage minimization.

Source
course2024

Princeton MagNet Dataset — Open Magnetic Core Loss Database

MagNet Princeton team, Minjie Chen et al.
Princeton University · CPES

Public open dataset of measured core loss for ~9 commercial ferrite materials under arbitrary PWM waveforms and DC bias. 500K+ labeled (f, B, T, waveform) → Pcv data points. Foundation for Tier C ML surrogate training.

Source